Jonathan Pool

Jonathan Pool is the founding director and the president of the foundation.

Pool received a B.A. in government from Harvard and a Ph.D. in political science from Chicago.

He has held political science professorships at SUNY at Stony Brook and the University of Washington, with visiting appointments at Stanford (political science and linguistics), Mannheim (social sciences), McGill (cross-cultural psycholinguistics), Bielefeld (game theory), Paderborn (computer-based instruction), and Columbia (Soviet nationality problems).

His volunteer services include community development in Ghana with Operation Crossroads Africa and language teaching in Turkey with the Peace Corps. He has held offices or committee memberships in the American Political Science Association (Thesaurus Project), the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (Nationalities Project), the International Sociological Association (Research Committee on Sociolinguistics), the International Political Science Association and International Sociological Association (Committee on Conceptual and Terminological Analysis), the Esperanto Studies Association of America, the Esperantic Studies Foundation, and the City of Tukwila, Washington (Strategic Economic Development Task Force and Connectivity Advisory Committee).

He has served on boards of the periodicals Language Problems and Language Planning and Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts and has reviewed proposals for the National Science Foundation, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Johns Hopkins First National Search: Personal Computing to Aid the Handicapped.

Among the courses taught by Pool have been “Quantitative Political Analysis”, “Theories of Decision Making, “Language and Politics”, and “Practical Political Research”.

In addition to research, Pool has worked as an entrepreneur, acquiring and running office buildings and equipping them with shared connectivity and other facilities, for occupancy by new and small businesses and professionals.

Jonathan Pool also has a personal site.

Research and other writing:

PanLex and panlingual interactivity

Jonathan Pool and Susan Colowick, “Projekto Leksilo” (presentation at Esperanto: Alia Verda Movado, 19 June 2011).

Jonathan Pool and Susan Colowick, “PanLex: A Panlingual Lexical Resource” (presentation at DELPH-IN Summit, 26 June 2011).

Jonathan Pool, “Panlingual Globalization” (prepublication version), chapter 6 in The Handbook of Language and Globalization, ed. Nikolas Coupland (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), pp. 142–161. Other source. Publication version.

Timothy Baldwin, Jonathan Pool, and Susan M. Colowick, “PanLex and LEXTRACT: Translating all Words of all Languages of the World” (Coling 2010: Demonstration Volume, 2010, pp. 37–40). Other source.

Katherine Everitt, Christopher Lim, Oren Etzioni, Jonathan Pool, Susan Colowick, and Stephen Soderland, “Evaluating Lemmatic Communication”, trans-kom, 3, 2010, 70–84.

Jonathan Pool, “Translators in a Global Community” (prepublication version), chapter 4 in The Translator as Mediator of Cultures, ed. Humphrey Tonkin and Maria Esposito Frank (John Benjamins, 2010), pp. 73–85. Presentation slides from Symposium on Translators as Mediators of Cultures, 2006. Other source.

Stephen Soderland, Christopher Lim, Mausam, Bo Qin, Oren Etzioni, and Jonathan Pool, “Lemmatic Machine Translation” (Machine Translation Summit XII, 2009). Other source 1. Other source 2.

Jonathan Pool, “Panlingual Localization” (presentation at Localization Industry Standards Association Berkeley Globalization Conference, 2009).

Martin Hecko, Kinsley Ogunmola, Jonathan Pool, Tim Wong, and Peter Woodman, “The Panlingual Camera Phone” (manuscript, 2007).

Jonathan Pool, “Panlingual Dogfood” (manuscript, 2006).

Jonathan Pool, “Applying Conceptual Analysis in the 21st Century: Design of a Computerized System for Global Translingual Communication”. In The CONTA Conference: Proceedings of the Conference on Conceptual and Terminological Analysis of the Social Sciences, ed. Fred W. Riggs (Frankfurt am Main: INDEKS Verlag, 1982), pp. 85-99.

Controlled natural languages

Adam Wyner, Krasimir Angelov, Guntis Barzdins, Danica Damljanovic, Brian Davis, Norbert Fuchs, Stefan Hoefler, Ken Jones, Kaarel Kaljurand, Tobias Kuhn, Martin Luts, Jonathan Pool, Mike Rosner, Rolf Schwitter, and John Sowa, “On Controlled Natural Languages: Properties and Prospects”, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 5972 (2010), 281–289.

Jonathan Pool, “Can Controlled Languages Scale to the Web?” (CLAW 2006 at AMTA 2006: 5th International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, 2006). Other source 1. Other source 2. Presentation slides.

Jonathan Pool, “Web-Scale Expressivity and Ambiguity in a Translation Interlingua: The DLT Intermediate Language” (manuscript, 2006). PDF

Jonathan Pool, “Controlling Lexical Ambiguity: Ontologies for the Semantic Web” (presentation at University of Washington, Linguistics 580E, Lexical Ambiguity, 2006).

Ambiguity

Jonathan Pool and S. M. Colowick, “Syntactic Disambiguation for the Semantic Web” (SAAKM 2007: Semantic Authoring, Annotation and Knowledge Markup Workshop, 2007). Other source 1. Other source 2. Other source 3. Other source 4.

Jonathan Pool and S. M. Colowick, “Disambiguating for the Web: A Test of Two Methods” (K-CAP 2007: Fourth International Conference on Knowledge Capture, 2007). Other source. Prior version’s presentation slides.

Jonathan Pool, “Collaborative Human-Machine Disambiguation” (presentation at University of Washington Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 2005).

Jonathan Pool, Ambiguity: Some Bibliographical Notes (2005).

Jonathan Pool, “Ambiguity Control in Human-Machine Multiagent Systems: State of the Art” (manuscript, 2004).

Language policy, language design, and language choice

Jonathan Pool and Mark Fettes, “The Challenge of Interlingualism: A Research Invitation”, Esperantic Studies, 10 (Autumn 1998), 1-3.

Jonathan Pool, “Optimal Language Regimes for the European Union”, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 121 (1996), 159-179.

Jonathan Pool, “Linguistic Exploitation”, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 103 (1993), 31-55.

Jonathan Pool, “The Multilingual Election Problem”, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 4 (1992), 31-52.

Jonathan Pool, “Multilingualism versus Language Policy: Alternative Models for the EC”, presentation at Multilingualism in Europe and the US: A Communications Challenge for Transatlantic Relations and Global Business, 19 November 1992, Washington, D.C.

Reinhard Selten and Jonathan Pool, “The Distribution of Foreign Language Skills as a Game Equilibrium”, in Game Equilibrium Models, ed. Reinhard Selten, vol. 4, Social and Political Interaction (Berlin: Springer, 1991), pp. 64-87. Abstract

Jonathan Pool, “The Official Language Problem”, American Political Science Review, 85 (1991), 495-514. PT

Jonathan Pool and Brian McFann, “The Language Auction: A Nondiscriminatory Method of Choosing Official Languages”, Language and Society Papers, LD13 (1991). Delivered at International Symposium on Linguistic Human Rights, Tallinn, Estonia, 12-15 October 1991.

Jonathan Pool, “The World Language Problem”, Rationality and Society, 3 (1991), 78-105.

Jonathan Pool, “Language Regimes and Political Regimes”, chapter 13 in Language Policy and Political Development, ed. Brian Weinstein (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1990), pp. 241-261.

Jonathan Pool, “La nuna stato de la lingvoplaniko”, in Akademiaj studoj 1988-1990, ed. Rüdiger Eichholz (Bailieboro, Ontario: Esperanto Press, 1990), pp. 7-15.

Jonathan Pool and Bernard Grofman, “Linguistic Artificiality and Cognitive Competence”, in Interlinguistics: Aspects of the Science of Planned Languages, ed. Klaus Schubert (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1989), pp. 145-156. PT

Jonathan Pool, “A Tale of Two Tongues” (unpublished essay, 1989).

Jonathan Pool (ed.), “Linguistic Inequality”, special issue of Language Problems and Language Planning, 11 (1, 1987).

Jonathan Pool, “Thinking about Linguistic Discrimination”, Language Problems and Language Planning, 11 (1, 1987), 3-21.

Selma K. Sonntag and Jonathan Pool, “Linguistic Denial and Linguistic Self-Denial: American Ideologies of Language”, Language Problems and Language Planning, 11 (1, 1987), 46-65.

Jonathan Pool, “Optimal Strategies in Linguistic Games”, in The Fergusonian Impact, ed. Joshua A. Fishman, Michael Clyne, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Andrée Tabouret-Keller, and Bh. Krishnamurti (The Hague: Mouton, 1986), vol. 2, pp. 157-171.

Jonathan Pool, “Thinking about the Optimal Number of Languages” (comment), Politics and the Life Sciences, 4 (1, 1985), 14-17.

Thomas Reese and Jonathan Pool, “Guide to Information Resources in Language Planning”, in Language Planning: An Introduction, by Carol M. Eastman (San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp, 1983), pp. 241-253. Earlier version in Language Planning Newsletter, 5 (2, 1979), 1-3, 10-12.

Reinhard Selten and Jonathan Pool, “Ĉu Mi Lernu Esperanton? Enkonduko en la Teorion de Lingvaj Ludoj”, in Interlingvistikaj Kontribuaĵoj/Beiträge zur Interlinguistik, ed. Alicia Sakaguchi (Paderborn: Esperanto-Centro e.V., Abteilung Verlag, 1981), pp. 62-117. Also issued with English abstract and subtitle “Symmetric Equilibria in Linguistic Games” as Nr. 112, Working Papers, Institute of Mathematical Economics, Universität Bielefeld, March, 1982.

Jonathan Pool, “The Economics of Artificial Languages: Thoughts on the Problem of Cost Minimization”, in Angewandte Soziolinguistik, ed. Matthias Hartig (Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1981), pp. 155-164. Abridged version of “The Economics of Artificial Languages: An Exploration in Cost Minimization”, paper presented at Fachtagung Angewandte Soziolinguistik, Universität Paderborn, June, 1980. PT

Jonathan Pool, “Sprachliche Gleichheit, sprachliche Ungleichheit und Sprachdiskriminierung: Begriffe und Messung”, Grundlagenstudien aus Kybernetik und Geisteswissenschaft, 22 (1981), 69-82. Translation and revision of “Lingva Egaleco, Lingva Malegaleco, kaj Lingva Diskriminacio: Problemoj de Konceptado kaj Mezurado”, Eŭropa Dokumentaro, 28 (1980), 46-57.

Jonathan Pool, “La ekonomiaj avantaĝoj de planlingvo: Decidteoria perspektivo”, Eŭropa Dokumentaro, 30 (1981), 21-27.

Jonathan Pool, “Whose Russian Language? Problems in the Definition of a Linguistic Identity”, ch. 28 in Ethnic Russia in the USSR: The Dilemma of Dominance, ed. Edward Allworth (New York: Pergamon, 1980), 237-248.

Jonathan Pool, “Language Planning and Identity Planning”, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 20 (1979), 5-21.

Jonathan Pool, “Soviet Language Planning: Goals, Results, Options”, chap. 7 in Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices, ed. Jeremy R. Azrael (New York: Praeger, 1978), 223-249. Reprinted as chap. 14 in The Soviet Nationality Reader: The Disintegration in Context, ed. Rachel Denber (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1992), pp. 331-352.

Jonathan Pool, “Developing the Soviet Turkic Tongues: The Language of the Politics of Language”, Slavic Review, 35 (1976), 425-442.

Jonathan Pool, “Some Observations on Language Planning in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan”, Language Planning Newsletter, 2 (2, 1976), 3-6.

Jonathan Pool, “Mass Opinion on Language Policy: The Case of Canada”, in Advances in Language Planning, ed. Joshua A. Fishman (The Hague: Mouton, 1974), 481-492. Earlier version in Language Planning: Current Issues and Research, ed. Joan Rubin and Roger Shuy (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1973), 55-66.

Jonathan Pool, “National Development and Language Diversity”, in Advances in the Sociology of Language, ed. Joshua A. Fishman (The Hague: Mouton, 1972), vol. 2, 213-230. Earlier versions in La Monda Lingvo-Problemo, 1 (1969), 140-156, and Sociologische Gids, 17 (1970), 86-101.

Jonathan Pool, “Grading: A Volunteer Dilemma” (Peace Corps Volunteer, IV:7, May 1966, 10–11).

Jonathan Pool, Esperanto Öğrenelim (İstanbul: Habora Kitabevi, 1966).

Jonathan Pool, Yabancı Dil Sömürücülüğü (Yön, 8 October 1965, 2).

Language technology

Jonathan Pool, “Interlingual Annotation for Machine Translation” (presentation at University of Washington Machine Translation Reading Group, 2006).

Jonathan Pool, “WordNets: What and Why?” (presentation at University of Washington Computational Linguistics Group, 2005).

Jonathan Pool, “Building a Grammar-Matrix-Based HPSG Grammar of Esperanto: Issues for Discussion” (notes from mini-presentation at University of Washington, Linguistics 567, Grammar Engineering, 2005).

Christie Evans and Jonathan Pool, “Interlingual Technology Preview” (brief prepared for Esperantic Studies Foundation, 2003).

Christie Evans and Jonathan Pool, “Interlingual Technology Overview” (presentation to Esperantic Studies Foundation, 2003).

Miscellaneous

Jonathan Pool, “Coalition Formation in Small Groups with Incomplete Communication Networks”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34 (1976), 82-91.

Jonathan Pool (ed.), Computer-Assisted Instruction in Political Science (Washington: American Political Science Association, 1976): editor and contributor. Contributions: Paul Siegel and Jonathan Pool, “Authoring Made Easier: How CAI packages Work”, ch. 3; Jonathan Pool, “Teaching Principles and Methods with CAI”, ch. 6.

June Starr and Jonathan Pool, “The Impact of a Legal Revolution in Rural Turkey”, Law and Society Review, 8 (Summer 1974), 533–560.

Jonathan Pool, “The Usefulness of Quantitative Methods in Political Science: the Case of Scaling and the United States Supreme Court” (B.A. thesis, Harvard University, 1964). PT

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